Burner



B. Q. P. FOSS BURNER Original Filed Jan. 3. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet, l

Ou 5 M W w E 0 av May 28, 1935.

B. Q: P. FOSS BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Jan. 3; 1922 ONad/412 hl mw m? rew i w &0 E

Patented May 28, 19 35 UNITED STATES BURNER Benjamin QLP. Foss,deceased, late of San Francisco, Calif.', by Clarinda 'G. Foss,executrix, San Francisco, Calif.; said Benjamin Q.'P. Foss assignor ofsixty per cent to Lester McDonald,

Bakersfield, Calif.

Refiled' for abandoned 526,540, January 3,

application Serial No. 1922. This application September '5, 1930, SerialNo. 479,986

2 Claims. (Gl.-158-7) r This application is. a refiled application forabandoned application filed Jan. 3', 1922; Serial No. 526,540, and it ishereby declared the following is a full, 'clear,- concise and exact.descrip- 5 tion of the same.

This invention relates particularly .to' a .gas burner. l

An object of the invention is to'provide a'gas burner so constructed andarranged {that the volume and velocity of gas passingthrough the burnerautomatically controls and determines the requisite volume and quantityofpri'mary air to be mixed therewith for the purpose of combustion; j Afurther object of this invention is to .provide a burner adapted to burneither artificial ornatural gas separately or in combination orintermixed with air, with perfect combustion" and utilizing all of theheatunitstherein contained. A still further object of theinvention is toprovide a furnace having agasx burner therein, in combination with anauxiliary conduit for introducing Water or steam; within said furnace,whereby the heat from the burner, will produce a temperatureat whichwaterbegins'to decompose and dissociate in the'auxiliary conduit toproduce as aresult, superheated steam, hydrogen and oxygen gases whichmay be effectively burned in combination with the gas issuing .from theburner. A further object of thisf invention isto provide ,a gas burnerthat will be superior in point of simplicity, and inexpensive inoperation 'iacility'and convenience in use and: general efiiciency.

Other objects and advantages will appear as this description progresses.

In this specification andthe annexed drawings, the invention isillustrated in the .form considered to 'bethe best, but it isfto beunderstood that the invention is not limited to such form, because itmay be embodied in other forms; and it is also to be understood that inand by the claims following the description, it is desired to covertheinvention in whatsoever form itmay be embodied. l f

In .the accompanying two sheets of drawings:- Fig. 1 represents avertical section through a furnace having a burner constructed inaccordan'ce with the invention applied thereto.

Fig. 2 represents an enlarged detail taken through Fig. l on theline2--2. I 1 Fig. 3 represents a front elevation of .Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken through the burnerconstructed in accordance with the invention.

' as contrasted with other burners.

Fig. -5 is a section taken through Fig. 4 on the line 5-5.

Fig. 6 is a section taken through Fig. 4 on the line 0-46. V

In detail the construction illustrated in the drawings comprises aboiler and mounting or other equivalent .furnace, such for instance asannealing furnaces, house furnaces, ranges and the like generallydesignated by the numeral i.

In Fig.1theboiler 2 of the type shown has longitudinal tubes therein andis mounted on a suitable foundation, providing a fire box 3 be neath theboiler. The said furnace is so arranged that adraft from the burnerinlet 4 will pass through the fire box 3, the tubes of the boiler (asindicated byarrows) and either outwardly through the stack 5 or througha mechanical exhausting apparatus 6 to be used in lieu of the naturaldraft of the stack. Where the stack'is efiiciently'constructed so as tomaintain at all timesan equalized fire, the blower would be dispensedwith, but where it is possible the exhausting apparatus is installed forthe reason "that it maintains a more constant draft through the fire boxand creates a better fire.

It is to be understood that the burner shown is one which has beenconstructed so as to entrain the required amount of airat various gaspressures-to effect a great saving of fuel burned,

burner is not limited to this particular furnace, as -it=is to beunderstood the burner can be applied equally well to any and all typesof furnaces. m

The burner, generally designated by the numeral I0, is mounted outsidethe furnace and preferably in axial alignment with the mixing conduit 4,which passesthrough the front wall of the furnace mounting andcommunicates with the fire box within the furnace. The burner 10comprises a metalcasting having a plurality of conicalshaped chambers,substantially connecting one with the other, said chambers beingsuitably connected to adjacent chambers at contigu- 'ous ends. In Fig.4,there is illustrated a metal casting having. three chambers, II, I 2 and13a, all of which are cone shaped. The smaller end of chamber l Icommunicates with the larger end of the chamber [2, the metal castingbetween the chambers ll, and l2 isfirst drilled and'then-the holes are:milled to. elongate them to form a. perforated webbing I3, the smallerend of chamber [2 communicates withthe larger end of chamber Ba, themetal casting between the chambers I 2 and l3a is first drilled and thenthe holes are milled to elongate them to form a perforated webbing [4.

As will be obvious, the respective chambers H, l2 and l3a are coaxiallyarranged relative to each other and the metal casting is adapted to bemounted on a support arm l5 so as to lie substantially on the same axisas the burner mixing conduit 4.

The enlarged end of chamber H is partially closed by the burner head is,having a suitable hollow hub bearing l3, and radial arms ii thereon, thehollow hub bearing l 8 positioned coaxially with said chamber ii. Theradial arms ll connect the burner head it bearing. l8. A threaded nippleif? is mounted within the hub 58 and has a nozzle secured thereon withinthe chamber ii. The. opposite.

' end of the nipple is has a T-fitting 2i thereon.

' first chamber through the conduit 22 -tive chambers H, l2 and H364.

Natural gas or artificial gas may be introduced into one of theappropriate openings in the T-fitting (after plugging up the otheropening) from whence the said gas is distributed through the interior ofthe nipple i9, past the nozzle 20 into the interior of the respec- Inthose instances where the gas pressure is insuficient to force itselffrom the chambers into the fire box, air under pressure may beappropriately introduced through T-fittingfil, from the'conduit line 23suitably controlled by the regulating valve 24. The auxiliary airpressure would also be necessary in instances where the furnace isoperated under forced draft. The gas conduit line 22 is provided with asuitable regulating valve 25 thereon for regulatin and controlling thequantity of gas passing into the furnace and with the cut-off valve 26for cutting off the source .of gas supply from the burner.

Years of research and experiments have determined that natural orartificial gas may be passed through a burner casting, arranged to, havea plurality of chambers such as 'I have described, under as low apressiu'e as one inch water pressure on the gas. As the control valve 25is regulated to discharge gas from the nozzle 20 into the chamber l l,the natural tendency of thegas is to pass through the chambers of theburner casting l0, and burner mixing conduit l into the fire box of thefurnace due to the kinetic energy of the gas stream, and the draftcreated either by the stack or by the mechanical exhauster 0. As gasissues from the nozzle 20, primary air is entrained through the burnerhead 90 into the interior of chamber ll. As the gas and air continuesthroughthe respective chambers l2 and i301 additional primary air isentrained through the perforated webbings l3 and M, due to the kineticenergy of the moving gas air mixture, and the draft created by thestack. The burner casting I0 is designed so that the first chamber ii isthe largest, the second chamber I2 is somewhat smaller, and the thirdchamber i311 is thesmallest, this construction being for the purpose ofincreasing the velocity of the gas air mixture, as it passes through theburner casting H], which in turn automatically regulates and controlsthe quantity of primary air entrained, in direct proportion to thevolume and velocity of gasadmitted through the nozzle 2 s Asthe gaspasses through the nozzle 20 into the l l of the burner casting l 0, it.draws primary air through the openings in the burner headl fi, and asthe gas air mixture leaves the first chamber if it passes theconstricted opening, where the velocity of the gas air mixture is inwiththe hollow hub creased as it enters the smaller second chamber l2, dueto the kinetic energy of the gas air mixture and furnace draft, therebycausing an entrainment of primary air at the ported webbing I3, as thegas airmixture leaves chamber 12 it passes the constricted orifice as itenters the smallest third chamber l 3a, where the velocity of the gasair mixture is increased, due to the kinetic energy of gas air mixturepassing the constricted orifice, and by the furnace draft, therebycausing another entrainment of primary air at the ported webbing M, asthe gas air mixture leaves the constricted orifice 2? of chamber Him,the velocity is again increased, due to the kinetic energy of the gasair mixture and the furnace draft, at this point the gas air mixturepasses a space or gap between the burner casting i0 and the burnermixing conduit 4 in the fire wall which communicates with the fire box3. As the gas air mixture passes the aforementioned space or gapadjacent the burner mixing conduit 4, it entrains moreprimary air as itenters the burner mixing conduit 4.

As the gas air mixture leaves the mixing conduit and enters the fire box3 thoroughly intermixed, and due to the furnace draft under a velocitywhich causes the gas air mixture when lighted as a flame to blastagainst a breaking wall 28, set a predetermined distance from the end ofthe burner mixing conduit 4.

The fire that results is in the form of a mild blast which makes apurple fiame of intense heat under a low gas pressure of from two ouncesup. Although but three chambers are shown in the burner casting, thisinvention is not limited thereto inasmuch as it will clearly be withinthe scope to utilize a greater or lesser number, but the arrangement asshown providing four openings, wherein air will mix with the gas, hasbeen found to be the proper number. If the mixtures are furtheraccelerated it causes a lean mixture so that the fire produced does nothave the heat effect that it does with the four mixtures aforementioned.

Wherea lesser number of mixtures are used the volume of gas that may beburned is controlled by the predetermined quantity of air that can beburned with a gas of a certain B. t. u. test.

In a burner constructed in accordance with the invention, the volume andvelocity of the gas passing through the chambers of the burner casting,and burner mixing conduit, together with the thermal convection inducedby the products of combustion through the furnace hues and stack draft,automatically entrainment of primary air necessary to completecombustion. Should the velocity and volume of gas entering the burner becut down, the quantity of primary air entrained would automaticallydecrease in proportion, the burner is so constructed that the momentumof the gas jet bears a constant ratio to the momentum of the primary airmixture.

In the use of artificial or natural gas, a fuel of intense heat results,wherein the temperatures range from 2,000 to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit.This heat is utilized secondarily by installing a hollow conduit, in theshape of a coil of pipe, within the fire box of the furnace and which issubjected to the heat of the flame issuing from the burner. Water orsteam would be passed into the said conduit (from an external sourcecontrolled by the valve 3 I) and subjected to the heat ranging from2,000 to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, a temperature at which water beginsto dissociate in the said conduit into superheated steam, hydrogen andoxygen gases. The gases thus formed, would pass from the nozzle 32 ofsaid conduit, at a point directly in the path of the flame issuing fromthe burner mixing conduit 4 as the superheated steam and gases blastagainst the blasting wall in the presence of the artificial or naturalgas issuing from the mixing conduit hydrogen and carbon monoxide gasesare formed, these gases burn with the artificial or natural gas to makea more intense heat than could be produced by the gas alone or gas incombination with air. In the operation of a furnace and burnerconstructed in accordance with the invention, it is desirable that thejurnace be as hermetically sealed as possible except the mixing conduitwhereby the air for combustion is mixed with the incoming gas as primaryair, passing into the fire box through the mixing conduit 4.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to thecombination of the gases used by this furnace, or to the appliances thatare used in creating an augmented fire by the use of a hydrogen gasaccompanied by its component part of oxygen, as many changes andimprovements would suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

Having described the invention, what it is desired to secure byLettersPatent is:-

1. In a gas burning apparatus a mixing conduit, a burner comprising acasting, having a series of conical chambers therein having dischargeends of progressively smaller diameter, a burner head fitted to theinlet end of the foremost chamber having air admission openings, a gassupply conduit centrally connectedto said head, a perforated webarranged between adjacent conical chambers, the constricted burnerorifice of the final conical chamber of the series being arranged inaxial alignment with the mixing conduit, there being a space or gapbetween the burner orifice and said conduit.

2. In combination with a device as set forth in claim 1, a steamgenerator arranged in the path of the flame issuing from the conduit, a.vapor nozzle connected to the generator, and arranged in front of theconduit, said generator being heated by said flame.

CLARINDA G. FOSS, -(WidW) A Emecutria: of the Estate of B. Q. P. Foss,Deceased.

